Bone marrow transplant in Bangalore | Dr. Murali Subramanian
What Is a Bone Marrow Transplant?
A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that is performed to replace the bone marrow that may have been damaged either by disease or by treatments such as chemotherapy. Bone marrow transplant involves promoting the growth of new bone marrow. Bone marrow is the fatty tissue inside the bone. Fresh and healthy blood stem cells are transplanted when damage to the cells occurs due to various reasons.
Bone marrow is essential because they help in the following.
- Manage red blood cells, which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
- Manage white blood cells, which fight infection
- Manage platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots
The healthy stem cells required for this procedure may be from a donor or the patient’s body. Sometimes the stem cells are harvested and stored before the chemotherapy and transplanted later.
Who Needs a Bone Marrow Transplant
A patient whose stems cells are damaged due to chronic infections, disease, or cancer treatments such as chemotherapy can undergo bone marrow transplant. Some reasons for a bone marrow transplant procedure include:
- Aplastic anaemia: A condition in which the bone marrow stops making blood cells
- Leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
- Chemotherapy
- Congenital neutropenia
- Sickle cell anaemia: A condition that causes misshapen red blood cells
- Thalassemia: A situation where the body makes an abnormal form of haemoglobin
Types of Bone Marrow Transplant
- Autologous Transplants
This type of bone marrow transplants uses the patient’s stem cells. For this procedure, healthy cells are harvested and stored before beginning a process that may damage the stem cells. After the treatment, the stored cells are transplanted back.
This is a safer procedure as it reduces the risk of some severe complications.
- Allogeneic Transplants
Allogeneic transplants use a donor’s cells. The donor cells must match genetically; hence a close family member is the first choice.
Patients undergoing this procedure, have a higher risk of certain complications and will also be put on medications to suppress the immune system. This is because the recipient’s body might reject the donor cells as foreign bodies. Suppression of the immune system might make the patient susceptible to other infections.
How to Prepare for a Bone Marrow Transplant
The patient needs to undergo several tests to identify what type of bone marrow cells is required. Also, the patient must take extreme precautions as the immune system is suppressed.
It is essential to discuss with your doctor about any concerns you may have. Doctors can clarify all the doubts, fear, and anxieties that a patient or a loved one may have. It is essential to be prepared and aware of potential side-effects.
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